CHAPTER 5.
Why I Don't Have a Credit Card
1There are three reasons I don't have a credit card. 2The first reason is that using a piece of plastic instead of cash makes it too easy for me to buy things I can't afford. 3For instance, last week I saw a $75.00 pair of pink sandals in my favorite shoe store. 40f course, I don't need pink sandals, nor can I afford them. 5With a credit card, however, I would now own those sandals and be worrying about how to pay for them. 6The second reason I don't have a credit card is that I would. end up in debt1 like my friend Sara the Shopaholic. 2 7Sara got a credit card last year, and she already owes $4,000. 8She buys things that she doesn't really need, such as jewelry and designer sunglasses. 9Sara makes only minimum payments each month. 10Her monthly interest charges are more than her payments, so her balance3 never decreases. 11She will be in debt for years. 12The third reason I don't have a credit card is the difficulty in understanding the fine print in the credit card contract. 13lf I don't read the fine print, I can be surprised. 14For example, some credit card companies will raise my interest rate if I make a payment even one day late. 15To sum up, credit cards may be a convenience for some people, but for me, they are a plastic ticket to financial disaster.Questions on the Model
1How many reasons does the writer give for not having a credit card? Which sentence tells you the number?
There are three reason. And says it in the first sentence.
3. How does the writer support each reason?
The writer relies on each reason whit sentences of support.
page 79
Practice 01.
Look through the paragraphs that are used as examples and practices in this chapter. Find at least three paragraphs that use logical division of ideas as a pattern of organization. Hint: Look for signal words and phrases that show divisions of a topic, such as The first . . . , Another . . . , and In addition .
Try It Out!
Choose one of the sample topics listed on page 78. Use listing, clustering, or freewriting to get ideas about the topic. Find at least three points and one example for each point. Then make an outline.
qualities of a good boss/good employee
- Comunication.
- Recognize mistakes and encourage potenial.
- Empathize.
qualities of a good boss/good employee
1 COMUNICATION1.1. transmit strategies to your team.
1.2. Know how to motivate your work team.
1.2.1 For example: I had a great tactical genius and unparalleled tenacity. He was an authoritarian, but charismatic leader who knew how to motivate the masses. Only in this way could he take his army to victory, at the battle of Cannas, in the year 216 a. C.
2. Recognize mistakes and encourage potential
2.1. Good leaders must be aware of their own strengths and weaknesses.
2.2. Must have enough reaction capacity to solve the problem and face the situation.
2.2. They must be able to recognize the special skills and abilities of the people who make up their team.
2.2.1. For example: Juan was an employee who, when he came to work in the company, showed very low performance in his work, but with the help of his leader he improved enough to become the best employee of the company.
3. Empathize
3.1. Good leaders are characterized by being understanding and close to their team. but without abusing more of the trust.
3.1.2. For example: Juan is the one that shows inferior performance, but his boss can not be too understanding, because he is going to get used to it and that is not good.
PAGE 80
Practice 2
A. Circle the noun that is the topic of the paragraph and all pronouns that refer to it.
Some researchers believe that social animals such as dogs may have a sense of morality. That is, dogs know right from wrong. For example, dogs follow certain rules when they play together, and they exclude dogs that don't follow the rules. Dogs' sense of right and wrong also includes knowing how to behave correctly around humans. For example, they know who the pack leader (that is, the boss) in any family is. They also know that they are not allowed to eat the pack leader's food. If they steal a bite of food from Dad's dinner plate, they slink' around the kitchen looking guilty because they know they have broken a rule. Other researchers say that fear of punishment, not guilt, is the reason for dogs' slinking behavior.
B. Edit the following paragraphs for consistent nouns and pronouns.
Paragraph 1
A marathon runner must be strong not only in body but also in mind. She or he has to train for years to achieve the necessary endurance to compete in his or her sport. This requires great discipline and self-sacrifice. In addition, marathon runners have to train their minds in order to endure the long hours of solitary running. This, too, requires great discipline. In other words, you must be in top condition, both mentally and physically, if you want to run in marathons.
Paragraph 2
Physicists are scientists who study the basic laws of nature and apply these laws to improve the world. They are concerned with scientific wonders as large as the universe and as small as an electron. He or she is a problem solver who is curious about the universe and who is interested in what gives it order and meaning.
Paragraph 3
Many students feel that learning to write well is a useless, time-consuming task that has little to do with "real life"- that is, with their future occupations. Although this may be true if he or she plans to become an auto mechanic or a waitress, it is certainly not true if you plan to have a white-collar job.2 No matter what profession you enter - business, engineering, government, education you will have to write.
PAGE 85, 86 and 87
Practice 3
A . Add the appropriate transition signals from each list to the following paragraphs, and capitalize and punctuate them conectly. Do not use the same transition signal more than once (except in paragraph 3).
1 . To list ideas in time order: then
first (of all) next
after that finally.
second, third, etc.
To apply for a scholarship, follow these steps. (a) _first (of all)_ get an application form from your college's scholarship office. (b) _then__ fill it out completely and accurately. (c) _after that__ ask two of your instructors to write letters of recommendation for you. (d) _finally__ turn in the application form and letters to the scholarship office before the deadline.
2. To add a similar idea:
and moreover
also in addition.
Today it is possible to get many services without making human contact. For instance, you can buy music, rent movies, and order groceries online without speaking to a salesperson. (a) _moreover_ you can buy almost anything from potato chips to underwear from vending machines that will accept your money and return change automatically. (b) _and__ by using your cell phone, you can make national and international calls (c)_also send text messages without operator assistance. You can (d) _in adition_ earn college credits by taking online courses instead of going to class.
3 . To give an example (Note: Use one signal twice.):
for example such as
Children are motivated to learn if they are allowed to be successful. No matter how small their progress is, each step helps to develop their self-confidence (a) _for example__ when children master math concepts (b) _such as___ addition and subtraction, they are more willing to attempt more difficult concepts (c) _for example___ long division.
B. In the following paragraph, choose an appropriate transition signal from those listed under each blank and write it in the blank. Capitalize and punctuate correctly.
How Storms Are Named:
Have you ever wondered how those big ocean storms called hurricanes or typhoons get their names? Who decides to name a hurricane Ann or Barbara or Bill? The way hurricanes and typhoons are named has changed over the years, and it is an interesting story
Originally, weather forecasters described them by their position in degrees of latitude and longitude (1) __but___ a typhoon might have been called 21.20 north, 157.5 west (2} _then___ this method was confusing because storms don't stay in the same place (3} __therefore__ people developed other ways to identify them. In the Caribbean Sea, hurricanes were named for the Catholic saints' days (4) _for instance__ a hurricane that struck an island in the Caribbean on Saint Ann's Day was named Santa Ana. During World War I, hurricanes and typhoons were named according to the military alphabet: Able, Baker, Charlie, and so on. During World War II, women's names began to be used (5) __and__ for the next thirty-five years, weather forecasters talked about Typhoon Alice or Hurricane Betsy (6)__however___ in the 1 970s, the women's liberation movement came along and forced weather forecasters to use men's names, too. (7) ___as a result__ after about 1,975, a storm could be named Gertrude or George. Currently, men's and women's names alternate: Alice, Bret, Carla, David, Ellen, Frederick, and so on. (8) _to sum__, the
way, hurricanes and typhoons are named has changed over the years and will undoubtedly change again.
PAGE 89
Practice 4
A . Read each sentence and decide if it is a run-on or comma splice or if i t is correct. Write X on the line next to the errors. Then correct each sentence that you marked.
_X_ I . Alicia and Marta are a lot alike, they both have dark hair and eyes.
Alicia and Marta are a lot alike. They both have dark. hair and eyes.
___2 . Both women are single, but Marta has a boyfriend.
______Both women are single, but Marta has a boyfriend.
_X_3 . Writing a paragraph is easy it takes practice.
______Writing a paragraph is easy it, thus takes practice.
_X_4. First, you write a topic sentence, then you make an outline of the supporting sentences
First, you write a topic sntence. And then you make an outline of the supporting sentences..
_X_5 . In high school, I never studied, but now I work hard.
___In high school, i never studied. But now i work hard._
___6. College is not like high school it is a lot harder.
___________College is not like high school it is a lot harder._
___7 . I want to transfer to a four-year college, so I try to get good grades.
___ I want to transfer to a four-year college, so I try to get good grades.____
_X_8 . My parents did not finish high school, I was the first member of my family to graduate.
_____My parents did not finish high school. Thus I was the first member of my family to graduate.___
_X_9. In the old days, people did not have the opportunity to attend school , they had to work to help support the family.
__In the old days, people did not have the opportunity to attend school. Therefore they had to work to help support the family.__
_X_10. Now parents want a better future for their children, they encourage them to go to college and even help them achieve that goal.
______Now parents want a better future for their children. So they encourage them to go to college and even help them achieve that goal._
PAGE 90
B. Find and circle errors in sentence structure and punctuation in the following paragraph. Look for run-on and comma splice errors. Then correct the errors.
(Note: There may be more than one way to correct some of the errors.)
Ways of Cooking Rice
1There are hundreds of different kinds of rice and hundreds of different ways to cook it. 2The kind of rice eaten daily in most Asian countries is sticky rice. 3Asian sticky rice is rinsed, soaked, cooked, and then steamed, the lid remains on the cooking pot during the entire cooking and steaming process. 4When the rice is ready to eat, the grains are soft and fluffy, and they stick together. 5Asian cooks never stir rice while it is cooking. 6ltalian cooks, on the other hand, stir the pot constantly when they make risotto. 7Risotto has a creamy texture, the individual grains have a chewy center. 8Persian rice is quite different it has a golden, crunchy crust. 9Thai people serve jasmine rice, and people in India enjoy basmati rice, both kinds have a special perfume-like aroma. 10lndeed, rice is one of the most versatile foods in the world.
Ways of Cooking Rice
1There are hundreds of different kinds of rice and hundreds of different ways to cook it. 2The kind of rice eaten daily in most Asian countries is sticky rice. 3Asian sticky rice is rinsed, cooked, and then steamed, the lid remains on the cooking pot during the entire cooking and steaming process. 4When the rice is ready to eat, the grains are soft and fluffy, and they stick together. 5Asian cooks never stir rice while it is cooking. 6 On the other hand italian cooks, stir the pot constantly when they make risotto. 7Risotto has a creamy texture, the individual grains have a chewy center. 8Persian rice is quite different it has a golden, crunchy crust. 9Thai people serve jasmine rice, and people in India enjoy basmati rice, both kinds have a special perfume-like aroma. 10lndeed, rice is one of the most versatile foods in the world.Exercise 1.
Read the following paragraph. Find and cross out one sentence that breaks the unity of the paragraph.
Secrets of Good Ads
1A good ad has three characteristics. 2First of all, a good ad is simple. 3lt lets pictures, not words, in the thirty-to-fifty age group, for instance, want to look and feel younger, so face cream ads tell them that women who use XYZ face cream will look like the twenty-year-old models pictured in the ad. 9Teenagers want to feel popular, so ads directed at teens often show a happy, confident-looking group of young people using the product in the ad. 10Teenagers have a surprising amount of money to spend, so advertisers research teenage fads and
fashions. 11ln conclusion, good ads are simple, are directed at a specific group, and make an emotional connection.
Exercise 2.
Outline the paragraph "Secrets of Good Ads." Omit the sentence you crossed out in the preceding practice.
Secrets of Good Ads
1A good ad has three characteristics. 2First of all, a good ad is simple. 3lt lets pictures, not words, 40f course, all ads need some words, but a good ad has a powerful headline and only a small amount of text. 5Second, a good ad is directed to a particular group of consumers. 6For example, ads for face creams are for older women, and ads for motorcycles are for unmarried young men. 7Third, a good ad appeals to emotions. 8Womenin the thirty-to-fifty age group, for instance, want to look and feel younger, so face cream ads tell them that women who use XYZ face cream will look like the twenty-year-old models pictured in the ad. 9Teenagers want to feel popular, so ads directed at teens often show a happy, confident-looking group of young people using the product in the ad. 10Teenagers have a surprising amount of money to spend, so advertisers research teenage fads and
fashions. 11ln conclusion, good ads are simple, are directed at a specific group, and make an emotional connection.
Exercise 3
Write a summary of the model paragraph at the beginning of this chapter, "Why I Don't Have a Credit Card," on page 77.
Summarizes:
Why I Don't Have a Credit Card
There are three reasons why I do not have a credit card. The first reason is that using a piece of plastic instead of cash makes it very easy for me to buy things. The second reason I do not have a credit card is that I would. end in debt like my friend Sara the Shopaholic. Sara got a credit card last year, and she must have $ 4,000. She buys things that she really does not need. She will be indebted for years. The third reason why I do not have a credit card is the difficulty in understanding the fine print in the credit card contract. lf I do not read the fine print, I can be surprised To summarize, credit cards can be a convenience for some people, but for me, they are a plastic ticket for disasterPAGE 91, 92
Writing Assignment
Use the outline you prepared for the Try It Out! exercise on page 79 and write a paragraph. Use logical division of ideas as a pattern of organization. You have already completed Steps I and 2 of the writing process .
Step 3 Write a rough draft. Write ROUGH DRAFf at the top of your paper.
• Begin your paragraph with a topic sentence for logical division of ideas similar to the examples on page 78.
• Use examples or other kinds of details to support your points. Use transition signals to show the divisions of your topic.
• Pay attention to sentence structure. Write both simple and compound sentences, and punctuate them correctly.
STEP 3
qualities of a good boss/good employee
First, a great part of the work of a good boss is to know how to transmit the strategy of the company where the work is internal and external, so I must be clear and concise, to make sure that the message that can be transmitted is understood correctly. On the other hand, this information flow can not be unilateral, since the good bosses are always willing to hear concerns and suggestions from their employees. For example: it had a great tactical genius and an unparalleled tenacity. He was an authoritarian, but charismatic leader, who knew how to motivate the masses. Only in this way he could take his army to the victory, in the battle of Cannas, in the year 216 a. C., The second is Recognize the errors and foster the potential. In addition to analyzing the capabilities of their equipment, good leaders should be aware of their own strengths and weaknesses. No one is perfect People can make mistakes from time to time. For this reason, the right leader must have enough reaction capacity to solve the problem and face the situation. It should also be able to recognize the special abilities and abilities of the people that make up their equipment and, what is more important, know how to use them for the benefit of the company. When an employee stands out, the person in charge must encourage them to remain motivated and continue to develop their talent. For example: Juan was an employee who, when he got to work in the company, showed a very low performance in his work, but with the help of his leader he improved enough to become the best employee of the company. And for the last time, finding a balance between authority and understanding is not always easy. The good leaders are characterized by being comprehensive and close to their team. However, an excess of trust from any of the parties may have an impact on the results, harming both the company and the team itself. For example: Juan is the one that shows a lower performance, but his boss can not be too comprehensive, because he is going to get used to and that's not good.
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